AbstractClinical outcomes associated with Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne virus, in the Americas are well-documented, but other aspects such as risk factors are not well-understood. In this study, the researchers prospectively followed a cohort of 1453 urban residents in Salvador, Brazil. They used an assay that measured immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3), which function as antibodies, against ZIKV NS1 antigen. The researchers estimated that 73% of individuals in the cohort were infected with ZIKV du...

AbstractIn this literature review, the researchers wanted to understand the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV through breastfeeding if the mother received antiretroviral therapy (ART). The researchers reviewed experimental and observational studies. Exposure was maternal HIV antiretroviral therapy and different ways of infant feeding (breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, etc.). Outcomes were defined as overall and postnatal HIV transmission rates at 6, 9, 12, and 18 months. Literature from ...

IntroductionViruses from wildlife hosts have caused emerging high-impact diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola, and influenza which are major threats to public health. The emergence of these diseases occurred when an animal virus switched host into humans and was transmitted within human populations. The importance of this host switching is shown by recent, highly infectious strains of H5N1 influenza A, which spilled over from birds and caused hundreds of cases and som...

Abstract 3651 injection drug users (IDUs) were tested for HIV using Serologic Test Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS). The HIV incidence in IDUs decreased from 3.55 per 100 people to 0.77 per 100 people from 1990 to 2002. During this time, syringe exchange programs increased in use for 250,000 to 3,000,000 syringes exchanged per year. There is a clear association between syringe exchange programs and HIV prevalence. Aims This study aims to see if syringe exchange programs decreased...

Abstract          The patterns for fertility mortality, migration, and population are instrumental to guide investment in infrastructure to accommodate population shifts. This study uses other statistical models and the researchers own propriety model to demonstrate the effect of education and contraception on the completed cohort fertility at age 50 years (CCD50), which is the average number of children born to an female from a specific age (15-49 years). This study uses the length of time to ...

Abstract Vaccinating 50-70% of school-aged children may produce indirect protection of the general population. In this study, the researchers evaluated a city-wide school-located influenza (flu) vaccination intervention (SLIV). The campaign was implemented from 2014-2018 in ~95 preschools and elementary schools in northern Califronia. The researchers used a matched cohort design, matching the preschools with a pair that did not have the vaccine campaign. The researchers then estimated the impa...